Heating systems



F. .I. H. RUSTI'GE AND F. C. S ANDSTROIM.

REGULATINGHEATING SYSTEMS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 18. l9l5..

1,321,395, v Pzitented Nov. 11,1919.

' 5 SHEETSSHEET l- Fig.1,

//// l l/l/I/I/ I a A WNW Arr) F. J. H. RUSTIGE AND F. C. SANDSTRIIM.

REGULATING HEATING SYSTEMS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB.18, 1915- I 1,321,395. PatentedNov. 11, I919.

5 SHEETS-SHEET Z- vv/r/visszssl I Al VF VTa'RJ: I

I j JWL a/w 4 F. H. RUSTIGE AND F. C. SANDSTRIJ M.

REGULATING HEATING SYSTEMS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. I8. I9I5 Patented Nov. 11; 1919.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3- F. J. H. RUSTIGE AND F. C. SANDSTRUM.

REGULATINGHEATING SYSTEMS.

APPLICATlON FILED 55.18. 1915.

1,321,395. Patented Nov. 11, 1919.

I 5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

REGULATING HEATING SYSTEMS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 18. 1915.

1 ,32 1,395. Patented Nov. 11, 1919.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5- FRANS 10min HENRIK RUSTIGE AND FELIX coivsTAnTIN snivns'rnbiu, OESflOCKl-IOLM,

SWEDEN.

REGULATING- HEATING SYSTEMS.

Application filed February 18,1915. Serial No. 9,049.

To all whom itmay concern: Y

Be it known that we, FRANS J OHAN HENRIK RUsTicE and FELIX CoNsTANTIN SANDS RZS subjects of the King of Sweden, reslding the former at Stora Essingen, Stockholm,

Sweden, and the latter at Drottningholmsvagen 6, Stockholm, Sweden, have invented new and useful Improvements in Regulating Heatin Systems, of which the following is a specification.

In heating systems where a liquid, vapor, or gas in a heated condition circulates through pipes or conduits an automatic-regulation according'to the temperature required in the surrounding localities of the supply of medium to the radiators from which the heat is delivered is always desirable. -Hitherto it has been difficult to efl'ect such an automatic regulation, because the apparatus sensible to changes of the temperature now inuse (thermostats of different kinds, based -0n-'the expansion of gases,liquids or solid bodies) generally have not been able to produce the great mechanical eii'ect required for moving the heavy valves by which the admission of the heat-conducting medium is regulated.

For that reason it has been necessaryto use special external sources of power'for producing the regulating movement of such valves, while only the releasing of them has been effected by the thermostats; this arrangement, however, has made. the whole system rather complicated.

The present invention has for its object to facilitate the useof the heat conducting -medium itself as a thermostatically regulated source of power, by which the-regulating devices of the heatlng system are controlled. l

The invention generally consists in providing one or more devices, for producing pressure waves in the heating fluid, which devices are arranged in the pipe system and controlling valves connected to the radiators, which valves are actuated by the pressure waves during certain conditions, determined by the thermostats. By-the term pressure waves we mean any temporary pressure change, positive or negative, slow or rapid (shock-like) The invention is illustrated .by way of ex:

.ample on the annexed drawings.

Figure 1 illustrates diagrammatically a heating system according to the invention,

Specification of Letters Patent.

- Patented Nov. 11, 1919.

v 1 is a detail view on a larger scale of a valve 18 of Fig. 1,

Fig. 2 .is a central section of a device for producing pressure waves in the system, v

Fig. 3 is a similar section of a valve, Which is controlled thermostatically and operates by means of such pressure waves,

Fig. 4 is a combination of the devices illus trated in Figs. 2 and 3 in such a manner that the pressure waves are produced even at" that part of the pipe system or conduit pipewhere they are used for the control of the valve, and

Fig. 5 is a modification of the combination last mentioned.

At one or more suitable points Within a pipe or conduit heating system (Fig. 1) and preferably adjacent to the source of heat 17 thereis arranged a device for the production of ressure Waves in the s' stem.

&

This may be accomplished for instance by periodically throttling the current of the medium in the system. In Fig. 1 the active part of a mechanical device is diagrammatically represented by a damper 19, turned by a motor, such as a clock mechanism or some other mechanism (not shown).

Obviously," the device may be arranged in many diflerent ways. Fig. 2 illustrates an automatic device for this purpose and which is shown embodied in the system disclosed in Fig. 1. On the casing 1 of the regulating 'valve a diaphragm casing is fixed, which consists of two parts 3 and 4, between Which a diaphragm 5 is arranged. The diaphragm. is pressed downward against the .valve by means of a spring 6 but is also acted upon in the opposite direction by anothersp'ring 7 which in the drawing is illustrated as a wire. The space or chamber under the dia-v phragm communicates with the interior of the valve casing.

The spring 7 is not directly fixed to the diaphragm, but passes loosely through openings in clamp '10 on it and-also through an oblong opening, in the spindle of the valve 2. v

The upper part of the diaphragm casing in the drawing consists of a container 13 the bottom of which forms the roof of the actual diaphragm casing, while the walls of the container are formed ofa cylindrical flange 12 on the'said'roof. 1-1 is a cover for the container. In the bottom of the said container two ports are arranged with valves 15, 16 the one 15 of which is a regulating valve with a screw, and the other one 16 provided with a movable valve plate, opening inwardly in the direction against the diaphragm casing.

This device operates in the following manner; If the main valve 2 is open and a medium, for instance steam or water under pressure, is supplied in the direction of the arrow, that pressure becomes transmitted to the under side of the diaphragm, which thereby is raised together with the spring 7. \Vhcn the central part of the spring has beenforced by its central position, it rapidly springs the rest of the way by itself and carries with it the valve spindle, which has been at rest to that moment owing to the oblong form of the opening 11. The valve 2 thereby is rapidly closed (the situation shown in Fig. 2) and the pressure in the pipe at the right hand of it begins to fall. But this falling of the pressure under the diaphragm produces a sinking of the diaphragm and of the spring 7, which latter after a short period springs over to its former position and opens the valve 2. t

In this way there are produced in the pipe system periodic changes of pressure, t e frequency of which of course may be controlled by adjustment of the valve 15 upon which the upward speed of the diaphragm depends. For facilitating this control the space above the diaphragm as well as the container 18.1nay contain a liquid, which is throttlcd or checked by the small port in the said valve 15 with better effect than air or other gas. The sinking or downward motion of the diaphragmin the construction illustrated is principally dependent upon the valve 16, which is assumed to have a considerably larger port or passage than that of the valve 15, so that the sinking of the diaphragm is. performed with considerably greater speed than the raising, In this way characteristic pressurewaves can be produced in the pipe system, the nature of which waves may be varied in any desired,

way by means of suitable devices for controlling the movement of the diaphragm.

The regulating valve illustrated in Fig. 3 is designed to respond to the pressure'waves created by the devices shown in Fig. 1 and 2 to control the supply of the heating medium to its respective radiator. As shown diagrammatically in Fig. 1, the inlet of each of the radiators is provided with a regulating valve such as shown inFig. 3. This valve also consists of a valve casing 21 with a valve. 22 and a diaphragm 2 1 with 'its' casing 23. Upon the diaphragm there is fixed a toothed body 20, in which catches a rocking double ratchet 25, both so constructed that in oneposition (shown in the drawing) of the ratchet only the raising of the diaphragm and in the other position only its sinking is permitted. The ratchet 25 is governed by a springing toggle joint 26, which always maintains the ratchet in one of its outmost positions, and is connected to a diaphragm 27 in a chamber 30 which isprovided with a wall 29 and communicates with a spiral pipe 28, containing a suitable liquid or gas.

When this spiral, which forms the thermostat proper, is heated above a predetermined temperature, the fluid contained therein is expanded and the diaphragm 27 is depressed. Vhen the depression has proceeded to a certain point, the toggle joint 26 is reversed and the double ratchet 25 is thrown from the position shown in Fig. 3 to the opposite one. At the next decrease of the pressure in the pipe system, the diaphragm 24 can be lowered so that the valve 22 is closed. A subsequent increase of the pressure, however, cannot open the valve on account of the form of the teeth upon that side of the body 20 in which the double ratchet 25 now catches. But when the tent perature in the locality in which the thermostat is situated has fallen so much that the toggle joint under the action of the thermostat again can reverse to the position shown in Fig. 3, the valve can open again and remains in that new position during the time when the double ratchet and the toggle joint maintain their positions. The motion of the valve is thus effected by the power source, represented by the pressure changes in the pipe system, under a minute control, however, of the thermostat, which need not develop any great power, especially'as the reversing of the double ratchet 25 can take place while the diaphragm is not under an excessive force.

Instead of placing a device for producing pressure waves, for instance such as that illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, at one or more relatively central places in the pipe system,

and controlling valves acted upon by the pressure waves, for instance such as illustrated in Fig; 3, at every radiator where an automatic control is required, these devices may. be combinedin such a manner that the pressure waves are produced at the same place, where they are to be used for the regulation, for instance at one or more of the radiators. In such a case the two devices for the generation or production of the waves and for the control of the fluid or medium currents are combined in one apparatus so that they form a whole or unit.

Such an apparatus is illustrated in Fig. 4. The difference between the two forms of apparatus illustrated in Figs. 2 and 4 is that the valve 15 which is adjustable by hand, as

shown in Fig. 2, is according to Fig. 1 connected to a lever 31, controlled by a thermostat, formed by a bladder 32 and a long pipeindicated in Fig. 4, the valve 2 in the main conduit and the check valve 16 in the roof.

of the diaphragm casing must be so designed that the check valve opens when the diahra m moves in a direction to close the valve 2 in the main conduit. This, of course, is the opposite of the operation of the construction of Fig. 2; where the arrangement is such that the check valve opens when the main valve is. opened by the diaphragm. apparatus of Fig. 4 were arranged to open in the same direction as the valve 2 in the main conduit, as is the case in Fig. 2, the valve 2 in Fig. 4 would remain open and the supply of heat would be increased and not decreased. I

Fig. 5 illustrates an apparatus where the changes of pressure in the pipe system are produced at the place where' the control or regulation takes place, for 'instance at a radiator; but said apparatus is constructed in such a manner that the regulating mem ber-during each period of increased pressure measures and. allows a predetermined quantity of heating medium to pass. For that purpose a diaphragm 5 is connected to a valve spindle 40 provided with two valves 41 and 42, closing against the valve' seats 43 and 44 respectively. Between these two valves opens a conduit 45 from the space under the diaphragm 5. The space above the said diaphragm is arranged in the-same manner as is represented in Fig. 4, viz. communicating with an open liquid container 13 by means of a regulating valve15, controlled by a thermostat 33 by means of a lever 31 and also by means of an upwardly opening valve 16.

When the diaphragm and valve are in their lowest position, the heating medium flows from the left hand side of the valve casing through the conduit 45 "into the chamber beneath the diaphragm and raises the latter. During this movement, the d1aphragm moves freely, independently of the position of the thermostat valve, as the valve 16 opens upwardly.

At a certain instant, the Valve 41', 42 is reversed so as to occupy the position shown in the drawing. This is effected by means of the spring .7 in the same manner as described with reference to Fig. 2. Then the heating medium beneath the diaphragm be- :gins to flow back through the conduit 45 to the right handiside of the valve casing. For each stroke of the diaphragm, a. predetermined quantity of heatingmedium is thus admitted through the valve, namely,

- the quantity received in the chamber below the diaphragm before he latter reaches its reversing position. eyond that, only a small quantity can pass through in the very instant of reversion. As the sinking mo-;

If the check valve 16 of thetion of the diaphragm is minutely controlled by the thermostat, the quantity of'heating medium admitted per unit of time is obviously also controlled.

'-In the construction last described the Valve spindle is arranged to act against a fluid-resistance device 46 in which the movement of the liquid can be controlled by means of a screw 47 in such a manner that the movement of the valve becomes retarded. This arrangement principally has for its object to prevent the generation of disturbing sounds at the reversing of the valve, but it also may be used for contributing to a control of the quantity of heating medium transmitted through the valveybecause the quantity of said medium directly passing throughthe valve during the reversing operation (which quantity 'at an instantaneous reversion generally is immaterial in comparison with the measured one) of course becomes larger when the valve movement is retarded, so that the ratio between the same and the quantity measured bythe diaphragm will be increased. Moreover a control can be effected by means of the screw 48, acting upon the spring 49 which presses upon the diaphragm.

Obviously also in the apparatus illustrated in said pipe system, valves in said pipe sys tem adapted to be opened and closed by said pressure waves and means for controlling the speed of opening and closing of said valves.

2. In a heating system, the c'ombinatibn comprising a pipe system, means for creating waves of pressure in a heating medium in said pipe system, valves. in said pipe system adapted to be opened and closed by said pressure waves and thermostatic means for regulating the opening and closing of said valves.

3. In a heating system, the combination L comprising a pipe system, means for producing waves of pressure in a heating medium in said pipe system, controlling means for the passage of said heating medium adapted to be operated bysaid pressure waves, and thermostatic means for regulating said controlling means.

4. In a heating system, the combination comprising a pipe system, means for pro ducing waves of pressure in a '/heating medium in said pipe system, a movable wall, the one side of which is in contact with said heating medium, a valve member operatively ments of said movable Wall and valve member.

'5. In a heating system, a plpe system, means for creatlng pressure Waves in a. heating medium in said system, and mechanism adapted to be operated by pressure changes in said pipe line, comprising a valve, a chamber in communication with the pipe line, a diaphragm in said chamber and operatively connected to said valve, a pawl and ratchet mechanism for controlling the movement of said diaphragm, and thermo-0 )erated means for controlling said mechanism.

6. In a heating system, a pipe system, means for creating pressure Waves in a heating medium in said system, and mechanism adapted to be operated by pressure changes in said pipe line, comprising a valve,- a chamber in communication with the pipe line, a diaphragm in said chamber and operatively connected to said valve, a pawl and ratchet mechanism for controlling the movement of said diaphragm, a second diaphragm operatively connected to said mechanism, and a thermostat for actuating the second diaphragm for the purpose described,

In testimonywhereof We have signed our names to this specification in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

FRANS JOHAN HENRIK RUSTIGE. FELIX OONSTANTIN SANDSTRGM. Witnesses:

ADA SIMON, -FRANK LYON. 

